Simple Webapp2 Google App Engine Example¶
In this tutorial we will create a simple Google App Engine Webapp2 application that will be able to log users in with Facebook, Twitter and OpenID and retrieve their 5 most recent tweets/statuses.
You can download all the source files we are about to create here.
First create the Config dictionary where you set up all the providers you want to use.
Yo will need the consumer_key and consumer_secret which you can get
here for Facebook and
here for Twitter.
Note
Facebook and other OAuth 2.0 providers require a redirect URI
which should be the URL of the login request handler
which we will create in this tutorial and whose walue in our case will be
https://[hostname]:[port]/login/fb for Facebook.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# config.py
from authomatic.providers import oauth2, oauth1, openid, gaeopenid
CONFIG = {
'tw': { # Your internal provider name
# Provider class
'class_': oauth1.Twitter,
# Twitter is an AuthorizationProvider so we need to set several other
# properties too:
'consumer_key': '########################',
'consumer_secret': '########################',
},
'fb': {
'class_': oauth2.Facebook,
# Facebook is an AuthorizationProvider too.
'consumer_key': '########################',
'consumer_secret': '########################',
# But it is also an OAuth 2.0 provider and it needs scope.
'scope': ['user_about_me', 'email', 'publish_stream', 'read_stream'],
},
'gae_oi': {
# OpenID provider based on Google App Engine Users API.
# Works only on GAE and returns only the id and email of a user.
# Moreover, the id is not available in the development environment!
'class_': gaeopenid.GAEOpenID,
},
'oi': {
# OpenID provider based on the python-openid library.
# Works everywhere, is flexible, but requires more resources.
'class_': openid.OpenID,
}
}
Create main.py file and import what’s needed.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# main.py
import webapp2
from authomatic import Authomatic
from authomatic.adapters import Webapp2Adapter
Make an instance of the Authomatic class and pass
the Config together with a random secret string
used for session and CSRF token generation to it’s constructor.
# Instantiate Authomatic.
Create a simple request handler which accepts GET and POST HTTP methods and
receives the provider_name URL variable.
# Create a simple request handler for the login procedure.
Log the user in by calling the Authomatic.login() method inside the handler.
You must pass it an adapter for your framework,
in our case the Webapp2Adapter
and one of the provider names that you defined in the Config,
which we get from the URL path of the request.
The method will redirect the user to the specified provider to prompt him/her for consent and redirect him/her back to this handler.
def any(self, provider_name):
The login procedure is over when Authomatic.login() returns a LoginResult.
Warning
Do not write anything to the response unless the login procedure is over!
The Authomatic.login() either returns None,
which means that the login procedure si still pending,
or a LoginResult which means that the login procedure is over.
result = authomatic.login(Webapp2Adapter(self), provider_name)
# Do not write anything to the response if there is no result!
Hopefully there is no LoginResult.error but rather the LoginResult.user.
Most of the providers don’t provide user info on login.
To get more user info we need to call the User.update() method.
# If there is result, the login procedure is over and we can write
self.response.write('<a href="..">Home</a>')
if result.error:
elif result.user:
# Hooray, we have the user!
Now we can welcome the user by name.
# We need to update the user to get more info.
if not (result.user.name and result.user.id):
result.user.update()
Seems like we’re done, but we can do more:
If there are credentials the user has logged in with an
AuthorizationProvider
i.e. OAuth 1.0a or OAuth 2.0 and we can access his/her protected resources.
self.response.write(
Each provider has it’s specific API. Let’s first get the user’s five most recent Facebook statuses.
# Seems like we're done, but there's more we can do...
Prepare the Facebook Graph API URL.
if result.user.credentials:
Access the protected resource of the user at that URL.
self.response.write(
Parse the response. The Response.data is a data structure (list or dictionary)
parsed from the Response.content which usually is JSON.
# We will access the user's 5 most recent statuses.
url = 'https://graph.facebook.com/{}?fields=feed.limit(5)'
url = url.format(result.user.id)
# Access user's protected resource.
response = result.provider.access(url)
if response.status == 200:
# Parse response.
statuses = response.data.get('feed').get('data')
error = response.data.get('error')
if error:
self.response.write(
u'Damn that error: {}!'.format(error))
elif statuses:
self.response.write(
'Your 5 most recent statuses:<br />')
Do the same with Twitter.
text = message.get('message')
date = message.get('created_time')
self.response.write(
u'<h3>{}</h3>'.format(text))
self.response.write(
u'Posted on: {}'.format(date))
else:
self.response.write(
'Damn that unknown error!<br />')
self.response.write(
u'Status: {}'.format(response.status))
if result.provider.name == 'tw':
self.response.write(
'Your are logged in with Twitter.<br />')
# We will get the user's 5 most recent tweets.
url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json'
# You can pass a dictionary of querystring parameters.
response = result.provider.access(url, {'count': 5})
# Parse response.
if response.status == 200:
if isinstance(response.data, list):
That’s it for the Login handler.
Now just for convenience that we don’t have to enter all the URLs manually let’s create a Home handler.
for tweet in response.data:
text = tweet.get('text')
Create links to our Login handler.
self.response.write(
u'<h3>{}</h3>'.format(text.replace(u'\u2013', '[???]')))
Create OpenID forms where the user can specify his/her claimed ID.
The library by default extracts the identifier from the query string id parameter,
but you can change its name to whatever you want.
elif response.data.get('errors'):
self.response.write(u'Damn that error: {}!'.
format(response.data.get('errors')))
else:
self.response.write(
'Damn that unknown error!<br />')
self.response.write(
# Create a home request handler just that you don't have to enter the urls
# manually.
class Home(webapp2.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
Route URLs to your handlers.
'Login with <a href="login/fb">Facebook</a>.<br />')
self.response.write('Login with <a href="login/tw">Twitter</a>.<br />')
Finally instantiate the WSGI application.
# The library by default extracts the identifier from the "id"
Don’t forget to set up the app.yaml file.
# app.yaml
application: authomatic-simple-example
version: 0
runtime: python27
api_version: 1
threadsafe: true
handlers:
- url: /.*
script: main.app
That’s it. Now just run the application.
$ python dev_appserver.py [path to the root folder of this app]
Tip
Some of the providers don’t support authorization from apps running on localhost.
Probably the best solution is to use an arbitrary domain as an alias of the 127.0.0.1 IP address.
You can do this on UNIX systems by adding an alias to the /etc/hosts file.
# /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.1 yourlocalhostalias.com
You can do this on Windows systems by adding an alias in the C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts file.
127.0.0.1 yourlocalhostalias.com
And here is the complete app. Remember that you can download all the files we just created from GitHub.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# main.py
import webapp2
from authomatic import Authomatic
from authomatic.adapters import Webapp2Adapter
from config import CONFIG
# Instantiate Authomatic.
authomatic = Authomatic(config=CONFIG, secret='some random secret string')
# Create a simple request handler for the login procedure.
class Login(webapp2.RequestHandler):
# The handler must accept GET and POST http methods and
# Accept any HTTP method and catch the "provider_name" URL variable.
def any(self, provider_name):
# It all begins with login.
result = authomatic.login(Webapp2Adapter(self), provider_name)
# Do not write anything to the response if there is no result!
if result:
# If there is result, the login procedure is over and we can write
# to response.
self.response.write('<a href="..">Home</a>')
if result.error:
# Login procedure finished with an error.
self.response.write(
u'<h2>Damn that error: {}</h2>'.format(result.error.message))
elif result.user:
# Hooray, we have the user!
# OAuth 2.0 and OAuth 1.0a provide only limited user data on login,
# We need to update the user to get more info.
if not (result.user.name and result.user.id):
result.user.update()
# Welcome the user.
self.response.write(u'<h1>Hi {}</h1>'.format(result.user.name))
self.response.write(
u'<h2>Your id is: {}</h2>'.format(result.user.id))
self.response.write(
u'<h2>Your email is: {}</h2>'.format(result.user.email))
# Seems like we're done, but there's more we can do...
# If there are credentials (only by AuthorizationProvider),
# we can _access user's protected resources.
if result.user.credentials:
# Each provider has it's specific API.
if result.provider.name == 'fb':
self.response.write(
'Your are logged in with Facebook.<br />')
# We will access the user's 5 most recent statuses.
url = 'https://graph.facebook.com/{}?fields=feed.limit(5)'
url = url.format(result.user.id)
# Access user's protected resource.
response = result.provider.access(url)
if response.status == 200:
# Parse response.
statuses = response.data.get('feed').get('data')
error = response.data.get('error')
if error:
self.response.write(
u'Damn that error: {}!'.format(error))
elif statuses:
self.response.write(
'Your 5 most recent statuses:<br />')
for message in statuses:
text = message.get('message')
date = message.get('created_time')
self.response.write(
u'<h3>{}</h3>'.format(text))
self.response.write(
u'Posted on: {}'.format(date))
else:
self.response.write(
'Damn that unknown error!<br />')
self.response.write(
u'Status: {}'.format(response.status))
if result.provider.name == 'tw':
self.response.write(
'Your are logged in with Twitter.<br />')
# We will get the user's 5 most recent tweets.
url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json'
# You can pass a dictionary of querystring parameters.
response = result.provider.access(url, {'count': 5})
# Parse response.
if response.status == 200:
if isinstance(response.data, list):
# Twitter returns the tweets as a JSON list.
self.response.write(
'Your 5 most recent tweets:')
for tweet in response.data:
text = tweet.get('text')
date = tweet.get('created_at')
self.response.write(
u'<h3>{}</h3>'.format(text.replace(u'\u2013', '[???]')))
self.response.write(
u'Tweeted on: {}'.format(date))
elif response.data.get('errors'):
self.response.write(u'Damn that error: {}!'.
format(response.data.get('errors')))
else:
self.response.write(
'Damn that unknown error!<br />')
self.response.write(
u'Status: {}'.format(response.status))
# Create a home request handler just that you don't have to enter the urls
# manually.
class Home(webapp2.RequestHandler):
def get(self):
# Create links to the Login handler.
self.response.write(
'Login with <a href="login/fb">Facebook</a>.<br />')
self.response.write('Login with <a href="login/tw">Twitter</a>.<br />')
# Create OpenID form where the user can specify his claimed identifier.
# The library by default extracts the identifier from the "id"
# parameter.
self.response.write('''
<form action="login/oi">
<input type="text" name="id" value="me.yahoo.com" />
<input type="submit" value="Authenticate With OpenID">
</form>
''')
# Create GAEOpenID form
self.response.write('''
<form action="login/gae_oi">
<input type="text" name="id" value="me.yahoo.com" />
<input type="submit" value="Authenticate With GAEOpenID">
</form>
''')
# Create routes.
ROUTES = [webapp2.Route(r'/login/<:.*>', Login, handler_method='any'),
webapp2.Route(r'/', Home)]
# Instantiate the webapp2 WSGI application.
app = webapp2.WSGIApplication(ROUTES, debug=True)
